国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Momentum and Collisions Part 1 - Momentum.pptVIP

* of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 27 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 27 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 27 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 What is momentum? If mass is measured in kg and velocity in m s–1, what are the units of momentum? p = m v momentum = mass × velocity The units are kg m s–1. (This can also be expressed as N s). Momentum is a property of objects with mass and velocity. It is a vector quantity with the same direction as the velocity of the object. What is the equation for momentum? Momentum as a vector Force and momentum In a tennis match, when a player exerts a force on the ball, it changes momentum. This means the ball can change speed, direction, shape or size, etc. In order to change the momentum of an object, a force must be applied (from Newton’s first law). The rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object. This is an alternative way of stating Newton’s second law in terms of momentum. Rate of change of momentum Stated mathematically, Newton’s second law is: F = Δ(mv) Δt For constant masses this becomes F = m Δv Δt = m a It can therefore be seen that the familiar equation F = m a is a special case of the more general equation for Newton’s second law in terms of momentum. The more general form of the equation is necessary when mass is not constant, for example for a space shuttle taking off. The mass decreases as fuel is burned. True or false? Using the momentum equations * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-Level Physics Year 1 and AS Momentum and Collisions * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-Level Physics Year 1 and AS Momentum and Collisions Teacher notes Students should be familiar with the concept of momentum and the equation for it from GCSE. Students could be asked to prove that the units N s are equivalent to kg m s–1 using the equation F = ma. Photo credit: ? Jupiterimages corporation 2015  * * ? Boardworks L