国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Quantum Physics Part 1 - Thermal emission.pptVIP

* of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 34 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 34 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 34 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 34 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that described his photon theory of light. This explained experimental evidence, such as the photoelectric effect, that did not fit with the classical wave model of light. Einstein proposed that, although light exhibited wave-like properties, it travelled in particles called photons. He explained that photons contain discrete ‘energy packets’ called quanta, and that the energy of an individual quantum depends on the frequency of the light. Photon energy Thermal radiation All objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit thermal radiation. Why do objects emit this radiation? All charged particles emit radiation when they accelerate. If an object has a temperature above absolute zero, then its electrons and protons will vibrate and emit radiation. Absolute zero is the temperature (-273°C, 0K) at which particles theoretically lose all their energy and stop vibrating. Incandescence The incandescent light bulb How could you use incandescence to explain how a conventional light bulb works? 1. A current flows through the filament. Why is the incandescent light bulb not an efficient device for producing light? The filament’s emission spectrum remains mostly in the infrared, even when it is at its hottest. Most of the bulb’s energy input is therefore wasted as heat. 2. The filament heats up. 3. The thermal emission of the filament moves into the visible spectrum. Emission spectra Explaining the origin of line spectra Dropping energy levels Each possible drop between atomic energy levels in an atom corresponds to the emission of one specific frequency of photon. This results in one line in an element’s emission spectrum. Three lines in hydrogen’s spectrum are shown here, along with the energ