国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Resistance and Resistivity Part 5 - Emf and internal resistance.pptVIP

* Boardworks AS Physics Resistance and Resistivity * of 12 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 49 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 49 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 49 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 49 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 12 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 49 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 12 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 12 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 When a lamp is connected to a battery, each electron takes a fixed amount of energy from the battery as it passes through it. As each electron passes through a circuit component (the battery or the lamp), energy is transferred. This meansthat work is done. battery lamp electrons The electrons then deliverthe energy to the lamp as they pass through it. Each electron re-enters the batteryto be resupplied with more energy. Energy transfer around a circuit The electromotive force, or e.m.f (?) of a source of electricity is defined as the electrical energy (W) produced per unit charge (Q) as it passes through the power source. The unit of both potential difference and e.m.f is the volt. This is expressed as: The potential difference (p.d.) or voltage (V) across any component is defined as the work done (W) per unit charge (Q) as it passes through the component. Rearranging gives: This is expressed as: V = W / Q W = QV W = Q ? Potential difference and electromotive force A battery has an e.m.f. of 8 V. It is capable of delivering a total charge of 1,250 C. Calculate the maximum energy the battery could deliver. W = Q? = 1,250 C × 8 V = 10 kJ What is the energy transfer in a lamp over 1,200 s when the p.d. across it is 6 V and the current is 0.5 A? The current, I, is given by charge per unit time, Q / T. W = QV = (I × T) × V = 0.5 A × 1,200 s × 6 V = 3.6 kJ What is the energy transferred? Now, the kinetic energy is given by ? mv 2, where?m?is its mass and?v?is its speed. An electron that is moved by an electric potential has gained kinetic energy. Each electron has a charge of?e?coulombs, and the potential difference is?V?volts.? Remember