国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Vectors Part 2 - Displacement vectors.pptVIP

* of 7 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 24 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 7 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 24 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 24 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 7 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Displacement vectors Harry and Sally are exploring the desert. They need to reach an oasis, but choose to take different routes. Harry travels due north, then due east. Sally simply travels in a straight line to the oasis. When Harry met Sally at the oasis, they had travelled different distances. However, because they both reached the same destination from the same starting point, their overall displacements were the same. Vector notation A scalar quantity is often represented by a lower case letter, e.g. speed, v. A vector quantity can also be represented by a lower case letter, but it is written or printed in one of the following formats to differentiate it from the scalar equivalent: The value of a vector can be written in magnitude and direction form: e.g. v = (v, θ) Or as a pair of values called components: e.g. a = (8, 6) or x y 8 6 8 6 a Vector addition Displacement vectors can always be added ‘nose to tail’ to find a total or resultant vector. This can be done approximately by scale drawing: It can also be done by calculation, breaking each vector down into perpendicular components first and then adding these together to find the components of the resultant: c + d = 2 3 -2 2 + = 0 5 a b a + b ? 10 7 x y Calculating a resultant When adding two perpendicular vectors, it is often necessary to calculate the exact magnitude and direction of the resultant vector. This requires the use of Pythagoras’ theorem, and trigonometry. For example, what is the resultant vector of a vertical displacement of 3 km and a horizontal displacement of 4 km? direction: = 5 km tan θ = 4/3 = 53° θ = tan-1(4/3) magnitude: R2 = 32 + 42 Resultant vectors * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-Level Physics Year 1 and AS Vectors * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-Level Physics Year 1 and AS Vectors * ? Boar