国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Nuclear Energy Part 2 - Fission and fusion.pptVIP

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国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Nuclear Energy Part 2 - Fission and fusion.ppt

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Teacher notes Discussion points relating to the graph: Very small nuclei release energy by increasing in size; very large nuclei release energy by decreasing in size. In the middle is iron (Fe) and elements with similar atomic numbers, such as aluminium and chromium, known collectively as the ‘iron group’ – these have the most tightly-bound nuclei in the periodic table. Iron cannot release energy through either fission or fusion. Fusion is represented by a movement to the right (increase in mass number). Fusion causes a large increase in binding energy per nucleon, so it releases a large amount of energy relative to the mass of the reactants. Fission is represented by a movement to the left (decrease in mass number). Fission causes a relatively small increase in binding energy per nucleon, so it releases a smaller amount of energy relative to the mass of the reactants when compared with fusion. However, both fission and fusion release a colossal amount of energy. * Boardworks A-Level Physics Year 2 Nuclear Energy Part 2 * Boardworks A-Level Physics Year 2 Nuclear Energy Part 2 * Boardworks A-Level Physics Year 2 Nuclear Energy Part 2 * of 14 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 14 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 39 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 14 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 39 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 39 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 14 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Fission and fusion Fission and fusion are the two processes that release energy from atomic nuclei. What are they? Fission is the splitting of large, unstable nuclei to form smaller ones. This can happen spontaneously, or it can be encouraged to happen, as in a nuclear reactor. In the latter case, it is called induced fission. Fusion is the combining of two smaller nuclei to create a larger one. This can only happen if the nuclei have enough energy to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between their protons, so that they can get close enough to be attracted by the strong nuclear force. Nuclear fission The energy released in n