国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Oscillations Part 1 - Simple harmonic motion.pptVIP

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国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Oscillations Part 1 - Simple harmonic motion.ppt

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* of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 11 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 What is simple harmonic motion? metronome pendulum Many systems oscillate, or repetitively vary about a central point. Many of these systems exhibit simple harmonic motion. Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is a type of oscillation caused by a force that repeatedly acts to restore a moving object to its equilibrium position. Condition for SHM The equation shows that, for a simple harmonic oscillator, the acceleration is always in the opposite direction to the displacement. The equation defining SHM is: a = –ω2 x where a is the acceleration, x is the displacement from the equilibrium position and ω is a constant given by: ω = 2π f where f is the frequency of oscillation. pendulum equilibrium position Displacement-time graph The movement of an oscillator can be shown by plotting its displacement from the origin, x, against time, t. The position of the mass at time t can be described by the function The graph of SHM has a sinusoidal shape. where A is the maximum amplitude. x = A cos (ω t ) t x A 0 SHM and circular motion Equations for simple harmonic motion Calculus can be used to find the velocity and acceleration of an oscillator, given the equation for displacement. The gradient of the displacement-time graph is the velocity, and the gradient of a velocity-time graph is the acceleration. x = A cos (ω t ) The solutions are: = –ω2 x a = –ω2 A cos (ω t ) v = –ω A sin (ω t ) This equation for acceleration is the condition for SHM already stated. Remember that ω = 2π f. Graphical interpretations of SHM An equation for force So, for a body to perform simple harmonic motion, the restoring force must be proportional to and in the opposite direction to its displacement from the equilibrium position. F = –m ω2 x (m ω2 is constant) The equation for acceleration, a = –ω2 x,