国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Lenses and Telescopes Part 4 - Non-optical telescopes.ppt

* of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 8 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Single dish radio telescope A radio telescope uses a huge parabolic dish as a reflector, and an aerial picks up the signal in the way that an eye or camera would in an optical telescope. The largest and most powerful radio telescope in the world, at Arecibo in Puerto Rico, has a diameter of 305 m. The larger the dish, the more energy it can collect per second, making it possible to image very distant objects. power μ diameter2 Comparing radio and optical telescopes The larger the diameter of a telescope, the greater its collecting power, and the greater its resolving power. A radio telescope can detect much more distant objects than an optical telescope. However, radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light (× 106), so its resolution is much lower than that of an optical telescope. An array of small radio dishes can be linked together to give a much greater effective diameter than a single dish. This is called radio interferometry. θ ≈ λ D resolving power μ diameter2 Infrared telescopes Infrared (IR) radiation is heat radiation, so an infrared telescope must be heat-resistant and have its components cooled by liquid nitrogen in order to operate effectively. IR radiation is strongly absorbed by water in the Earth’s atmosphere, so ground-based IR telescopes must be positioned in very dry places at high altitude, such as Mauna Kea in Hawaii. IR radiation is useful for imaging relatively cool objects that do not emit much visible light, such as clouds of gas and dust where new stars are forming. Ultraviolet telescopes Most stars emit most of their radiation in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, but very hot stars with temperatures above 10000 K emit mostly ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and can be imaged with a U