国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Lenses and Telescopes Part 2 - Reflecting telescopes.ppt

* of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Concave mirror Like a lens, a mirror is capable of producing an image. If a parallel beam of light is directed towards a concave mirror of a suitable shape, the lens will focus the beam through a point F called the principal focus. In this case, the focal length, f, is the distance from the mirror to F along the principal axis. F f principal axis Newton’s telescope Spherical aberration If the shape of a lens or mirror isn’t exactly parabolic then light will not converge at a single point, leading to an image that is lacking in sharpness. This is spherical aberration. This is a common problem in refracting telescopes and cheaper reflecting telescopes. Parabolic lenses and mirrors are expensive to make, so most have spherical surfaces. spherical surfaces The Cassegrain reflector Advantages of reflecting telescopes Reflecting telescopes have several advantages over refracting telescopes. Mirrors do not cause the chromatic aberration found in refracting telescopes. Reflecting telescopes are more compact, because the length of the barrel can be shorter than the focal length of the reflector. A Newtonian reflector can be very cheap to make, as only one optical component must be ground and polished into a complex shape. A Cassegrain reflector does not cause significant aberration of any kind, producing a very sharp image. Disadvantages of reflecting telescopes Reflecting telescopes also have some disadvantages. Some incident light obstructed by the diagonal mirror (Newtonian) or secondary mirror (Cassegrain), reducing the amount of light that enters the telescope relative to its aperture size, and reducing the image contrast. Can be costly to maintain. Mirrors require recoating every few years to keep them functioning properly, and optics need