上下肢的表面解剖.pptVIP

INTRODUCTION TO SURFACE ANATOMYOF UPPER LOWER LIMBS;OBJECTIVES By the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Palpate and feel the bony the important prominences in the upper and the lower limbs. Palpate and feel the different muscles and muscular groups and tendons. Perform some movements to see the action of individual muscle or muscular groups in the upper and lower limbs. Feel the pulsations of most of the arteries of the upper and lower limbs. Locate the site of most of the superficial veins in the upper and lower limbs;What is Surface Anatomy?;The clavicle is subcutaneous and can be palpated throughout its length. Its sternal end projects little above the manubrium. Between the 2 sternal ends of the 2 clavicle lies the jugular notch (suprasternal notch). The acromial end of the clavicle can be palpated medial to the lateral border of the acromion, of the scapula. particularly when the shoulder is alternately raised and depressed. The large vessels and nerves to the upper limb pass posterior to the convexity of the clavicle. ;The coracoid process of scapula can be felt deeply below the lateral one third of the clavicle in the Deltopectoral GROOVE or clavipectoral triangle. The clavipectoral or the (Deltopectoral) triangle is the slightly depressed area just inferior to the lateral third of clavicle. The clavipectoral triangle is bounded by: Clavicle superiorly, Deltoid laterally, and Pectoralis major medially. ;The lateral and posterior borders of the acromion meet to form the acromial angle. ;The greater tubercle of humerus can be felt by deep palpation through the deltoid muscle, inferior to the acromion when the arm is by the side. In this position, the greater tubercle is the most lateral bony point of the shoulder. ;When the elbow joint is extended, the tip of the olecranon process, the medial and the lateral epicondyles lie in a straight line. When the elbow is flexed, the olecranon forms the apex of an equilateral triangle, of