高分子材料加工技术专业英语Antioxidantsantioxidant讲稿.docVIP

PAGE 7 PAGE 7 抗氧剂——Antioxidant 教学设计  教学内容与设计 时间分配 或备注说明 Polymers will change over time when exposed to radiation, excessive heat and/or corrossive enviroments. These changes are the result of oxidative degradation caused by free radicals. These changes can have a dramatic effect on the service life and properties of the polymer. 一Thermo-oxidative Degradation On the molecular level, oxidation occurs in the following manner: It is up to the antioxidant stabilizers to break the cycle and assure that the performance of the polymer is maintained. Antioxidants are used to prevent thermal degradation and inhibit oxidation (i.e. degradation). They are “cheap” insurance for multiple pass materials. Antioxidants are generally divided into primary and secondary categories. Each category has a specific function in polymer stabilization. The primary antioxidants are sometimes called free-radical scavengers or radical chain terminators whereas secondary antioxidants are often called peroxide scavengers or hydroperoxide decomposers. 二、Primary Antioxidant used to protect the finished product. This type of stabilization ensures performance over the life of the finished product. Typical chemistry used is phenolic-based. 三、Secondary Antioxidant used as a process stabilizer. This type of stabilization is an effective way to protect the polymer during processing, especially when the polymer undergoes multiple heat histories. Typical chemistries employed include phosphites or thioesters. 四、Primary/Secondary Combination Both primary and secondary antioxidants are often used in combination. In this way, the polymer is protected both during the processing step and throughout its service life. Primary Antioxidants (Free-Radical Scavengers) As the name suggests, free-radical scavengers react with chain-propagating radicals such as peroxy, alkoxy, and hydroxy radicals in a chain terminating reaction. To be more specific, these antioxidants donate hydrogen to the alkoxy and