高分子材料加工技术专业英语ThermostabilizersHeatstabilizers讲稿.docVIP

PAGE 4 PAGE 4 热稳定剂——Heat stabilizers 教学设计  教学内容与设计 时间分配 或备注说明 一、Heat stabilizers Plastics are amazingly versatile and useful compounds, but they do have a common Achilles’ heel: heat. Heat stabilizers solve that problem by helping the materials they’re added to better resist the damage that can stem from exposure to high temperatures. When incorporated into a polymer, heat stabilizers protect the properties of the overall compound from heat damage, either during the manufacturing process or during normal use of the finished product. While different polymers have varying degrees of heat resistance, heat stabilizers are added to virtually all polymer types. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the most common polymer that benefits from a heat-stabilizing additive. When PVC is heated to 170~180°C, chlorine and hydrogen in the molecules are eliminated and release of hydrogen chloride becomes evident. Once such decomposition starts, unstable structures are formed in the molecule, which further accelerate HCl elimination and decomposition. As PVC is heated to soften during the extrusion or moulding process, prevention of hydrogen chloride elimination due to heat and subsequent decomposition is required. The stabilizer prevents such initial elimination of hydrogen chloride from PVC. Therefore, use of stabilizers (often metal compounds) is essential to prevent the chain reaction of decomposition. They can also impart to the PVC enhanced resistance to daylight, weathering and heat ageing and have an important influence on the physical properties and the cost of a formulation. In PVC, heat stabilizers must accomplish several functions, including neutralizing hydrogen chloride, replace weakened carbon-chlorine bonds, and prevent oxidation. 二、forms of heat stabilizers They are invariably supplied in the form of application - specific blends of which the main constituents are metal soaps, metal salts and organometallic compounds. The choice of heat stabilizer depends on a number