定语从句基础知识.pdfVIP

定语从句基础知识 定语从句在句中做定语， 修饰一个名词或代词， 被修饰的名词 ,词组或代词即先行词。 定语从句通常出现在 先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which 等。 关系副词有： when, where, why 等。 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词 在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 (1)who, whom, that 代替的先行词是人的名词或代词： e.g. Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。 （作宾语） (2) whose 用来指人或物 e.g. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose cover is green. = Please pass me the book of which the cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 (3) which, that 代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等 e.g. They planted the trees which/that didn water.’t need much e.g. The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 (作宾语 ) 2. 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 (1) when, where, why 关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于 介词 + which 结构，因此常常和 介词 + which 结构交替使用 . e.g. There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 3. 判断关系代词与关系副词 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系 代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。 e.g. This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 限制性和非限制性定语从句 (1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往 不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗 号分开。 e.g. This is the house wh