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Chapter 3.2Measurement Systems Analysis测量系统分析;;Effects of Measurement Error;测量误差;;;看到的不一定真实;;;Accuracy;准确度(Accuracy);;;;;;;Precision: Repeatability;测量系统内在的变异性 基于重复测量的数据，用分组后组内的标准偏差来估算 小于测量系统的总变差;Precision: Reproducibility;精确度：再现性;Linearity ;线性（ Linearity） ;Stability;在一段时间内，测量结果的分布无论是均值还是标准偏差都保持不变和可预测的 通过较长时间内，用被监视的量具对相同的标准或 标准件的同一特性进行测量的总变异来监视 可用时间走势图进行分析;Discrimination;测量系统的分辨率（ discrimination）;Generally two or three operators Generally 10 units to measure Each unit is measured 2-3 times by each operator;计量型数据的GRR研究;计算A测的所有样品 的总平均值XA。 ;测量系统分析;EV= Equipment Variation (Repeatability)仪器变差(重复性) AV= Appraiser Variation (Reproducibility)测量人变差(再现性) RR= Repeatability Reproducibility重复性与再现性 PV= Part Variation零件变差 TV= Total Variation of RR and PV总变差 K1-Trial, K2-Operator, K3-Part Constants;卡尺的RR研究 Excel 运算;RR 对过程能力计算的影响;;; StdDev Study Var %Study Var %Tolerance Source (SD) (5.15*SD) (%SV) (SV/Toler) Total Gage RR 1.85E-02 0.095449 18.87 19.09 Repeatability 1.42E-02 0.073006 14.44 14.60 Reproducibility 1.19E-02 0.061486 12.16 12.30 Part-to-Part 9.64E-02 0.496646 98.20 99.33 Total Variation 9.82E-02 0.505735 100.00 101.15 Number of distinct categories = 7 ;Minitab 计算GRR; %Contribution Source VarComp (of VarComp) Total Gage RR 0.000459 4.53 Repeatability 0.000231 2.28 Reproducibility 0.000228 2.25 Operator 0.000117 1.16 Operator*Part No 0.000111 1.09 Part-To-Part 0.009670 95.47 Total Variation 0.010129 100.00 StdDev Study Var %Study Var %Tolerance Source (SD) (5.15*SD) (%SV) (SV/Toler)