初中动词不定式用法及练习.pdfVIP

动词不定式用法及练习 动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以 作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语） ；动词不定式 具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词 不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 一、 构成： to do .否定式 not to do 二、 常见时态：一般时 to do 进行时 to be doing 完成式 to have done 完成进行式 to have been doing 三、动词不定式在句子中的成分 1、作句子的主语： 现实中常用 it 作形式主语， 而把真正的主语动词不定式 （或短语）后置。 比较下列句子 To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends .To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye.Tochat with Miss White is a pleasant thing.=It is a pleasant thing to chat with Miss White.To walk to school takes me ten minutes.=It takes me ten minutes to walk to school. 句型总结 It is + adj. + of sb. to do sb. is…are +adj. +to do= 在以某些表示人的品质、… 特征等的形 容词（如 kind 、good、nice、wrong 、clever、right 等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语， 说明不定式指的是谁的情况。 （可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等） It is very kind of you to help me. It ’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that. It is + adj. + for sb. to do ≠ …are +adj. +to do 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁… 做的，则在不定式前加一个 for 引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。 It is necessary for us to study hard. It is easy for him to speak English. 2、作句子的表语： 不定式放在 be 动词后面，用作表语如： Her dream is to be a policeman. My job isto help the patient. Your task isto clean the classroom. My dream is to own a robot. The doctor’s suggestion is to take more exercise. The best way isto talk to your parents. His plan is to travel to Beijing this summer. My purpose is to help you solve this problem. 3、作句子的宾语： 不定式放在及物动词后， 用作宾语。 能跟不定式作宾语的动词 （及物）很多， 常见