Perception（英文版）-优质课件 .pptxVIP

Class 3.PerceptionI.Definition and importanceA process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environmentWhat one perceives can be substantially different from objective reality,People’s behavior is based on their perception of what reality is,not reality itself.II.Factors Influencing Perception The perceiver,object,contextThe perceiver’s personal characteristicsinterpretation---attitudes,motives,attentive focus--preoccupied problem, interests, past experience(novice,keen)Distortion---expectation Characteristics in the target attractiveness of the shape--motion,sounds,size background,similarity,physical or time proximityThe Situation--T,location,light,heat,settingIII.Attribution TheoryNonliving objects are subject to the law of nature with no beliefs,motives or intentions. Perception of a person’s action influenced by the assumptions we make about the person’s internal stateWhen individuals observe behavior,they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused. 3 factorsInternally caused behaviors(external causation) : under the personal control of the individual;III.Attribution TheoryDistinctiveness:whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situation.(unusual) Consensus:if everyone faced with a similar setting responds in the same way.(high-E)Consistency:does the person respond the same way over time. .(high-I) Fundamental attribution error:the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors---when making judgement about others’Self-serving bias:IV.Shortcuts in judging othersMake accurate perception rapidly,riskSelective perception:people selectively interpret what they see based on their interests,background, experience,and attitudes. Study take the stimuli in bits and piece,riskHalo effect:Drawing a general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic. ---traits are ambiguous in behavi