第十八章生产要素市场.pptxVIP

第十八章生产要素市场The Market for the Factors of Production生产要素市场The Markets for the Factors of Production2005年美国居民的总收入是12万亿美元，人均4万美元（中国：18万亿人民币元，人均1.4万元）。In 2005, the total in come of all U.S. residents was about $12 trillion, or $40,000 per capita.工人以工资和附加福利的形式赚到的收入占其四分之三（中国：五分之三）。其余以地租、利润和利息的形式归土地所有者与资本所有者。Workers earned about three-fourths of it in the form of wages and fringe benefits. The rest went to landowners and to the owners of capital in the form of rent, profit and interest.生产要素市场The Markets for the Factors of Production为什么有的人的收入比别人高？Why do some people have higher incomes than others?是什么决定了多少归工人，多少归土地所有者，多少又归资本所有者？What determines how much goes to workers? To landowners? To the owners of capital?为什么一些工人（或土地所有者、资本所有者）比另一些挣得更高的工资（或租金收入、利润）？Why do some workers earn higher wages than others, some landowners higher rental income than others, and some capital owners greater profit than others?答案取决于供给与需求。The answers hinge on supply and demand.Revenue收益Market for Goods and Services产品和服务市场Spending 支出Goods Services sold产品与服务出售Goods Services bought产品与服务购买Firms企业Households家庭Market for Factors of Production生产要素市场Inputs for production生产投入Labor, land, and capital劳动,土地,资本Wages, rent, and profit工资租金与利润Income 收入生产要素市场The Markets for the Factors of Production生产要素Factors of Production生产要素是用来生产商品和服务的投入。Factors of production are the inputs used to produce goods and services.劳动、土地和资本是三种最重要的生产要素。Labor, land and capital are the three most important factors of production.生产要素市场The Market for the Factors of Production生产要素需求是派生需求。 The demand for a factor of production is a derived demand.企业对于生产要素的需求，是从它在其他市场上供给商品的决策中派生出来的。A firm’s demand for a factor of production is derived from its decision to supply a good in another market.劳动市场The Markets for Labor劳动市场，跟经济中的其他市场一样，是由供给和需求的力量支配的。 Labor markets, like other markets in the economy, are governed by the forces of supply and demand.“万能的”供给与需求The Versatility of Supply and Demand...(a) 苹果市场The Market for Apples(b) 摘苹果工市场The Market for Apple P