论格式合同模板中免责条款的效力.docxVIP

论格式合同模板中免责条款的效力 题目：〔中文〕论格式合同中免责条款的效力〔英文〕the effectiveness of exemption clauses in the format contractworld to be widely used. At present, Chinas banking, insurance, transport, tourism, for the water with electric heat, commercial housing sales, communications, services, etc. are all using the format of the contract terms. Disclaimer, as the key provisions of the contract, in practice a very widely used, especially in the format of the contract. Because of the nature of the exemption provision itself the characteristics of its national law must be carried out to develop and make use of certain legal intervention in order to safeguard the basic principles of contract contracts and transactions of the social order. However, Contract Law itself, the provisions of view, its format, the safe harbor provisions of the contract provisions related issues is not much far from perfect. Format, the effectiveness of exemption clauses in the contract identification, should draw lessons from outside the safe harbor provisions of the relevant and correct understanding and application of the exemption clause in the contract form.【KEYWORDS】form contract; exemption clause; contract justice;the principle of fair and reasonable1格式合同免责条款的概念分析1.1格式合同的含义格式合同是当事人为了重复用法而预先拟定的合同或合同条款。不同国家、地区法律关于格式合同的称谓并不统一，在德国称为一般交易条款，英国称为标准合同，法国、美国、日本称为附合合同、附意合同，我国台湾地区称为定型化契约，而《国际商事合同通那么》用法的是标准条款，我国《合同法》接受了格式条款的概念。从立法上看，我国《合同法》第39条第2款规定：“格式条款是当事人为了重复用法而预先拟定，并在订立合同时未与对方协商的条款。〞1从上述定义可知，格式合同与一般的民事合同相比有诸多差不，它的法律特征要紧表如今以下方面：〔1〕格式合同条款是由一方当事人预先为相对人所订立。〔2〕从合同主体因素看，格式合同是以不特定的第三人为对象，一方当事人拟定格式合同条款的目的是与多数相对人订立合同。〔3〕从经济地位因素看，格式合同的要约人处于优势地位。〔4〕格式合同是完好、定型、长久的合同类型。1.2免责条款的含义免责条款“是一方当事人在定式合同中提出的旨在免除其合同责任的合同条款。〞2“是当事人双方在合同中事先商定的旨在限制或免除其以后责任的条款。〞3“是当事人以协议排除或限制其以后责任的条款。〞4“有广义和狭义的含义。广义的免责条款不仅包括完全免除当事人的责任的条款，也包括限制当事人责任的条款，而狭义的免责条款仅指限制责任的条款。〔对此〕采广义讲。因此，免责条款是指当事人双方在合同中事先商定的，旨在限制或免除其以后责任的条款。〞5。从上述定义可知，免责条款与合同中的其他条款相比有明显差异，它的特点要紧表如今以下方面：〔1〕免责条款是合同的组成局部，它是由当事人协商商定的。〔2〕免责条款必需是明示的，指出免责条款的一方当事人应当提示对方留意，在对方提出要求时还应予以讲明。〔3〕免责条款必需