英文时态三完成时态.ppt

第一页，共32页。 完成动作：1、现在完成（have∕has done）2、过去完成（had done）3、将来完成（will have done）完成时态概述： 形式：have done意义：完成时态表示的是在某一特定时刻（现在、过去或将来）之前开始发生的并持续到这一特定时刻或对这一特定时刻有影响的一个活动。 第二页，共32页。 ⑴现在完成时：在现在之前（即过去）开始发生并持续到现在或对现在有影响的动作。I have learned 2000 words so far.  ⑵过去完成时：在过去之前（即过去的过去）开始发生的并持续到过去或对过去有影响的动作。I had learned 1000 words by the end of last year.  ⑶将来完成时：在将来之前（可能是过去、现在或将来）开始发生的并持续的将来或对将来有影响的动作。I will have learned 3000 words by the end of next year. 第三页，共32页。 一、现在完成时态（have∕has done） 1、现在完成时态用法（一）：延续到现在的动作或状态 开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词。 ①An old woman walked out into the middle of the street. The policeman yelled to her, “Don’t you know what it means when I hold up my hand?” The lady said, “Sure I do. I have been a school teacher for 28 years now.” ②I have lived here for 3 years. ③The teacher has taught in this school since I came here. ④I’ve worked in this company since I left school. ⑤Since time began, man has lived in fear of fire. 第四页，共32页。 或者，由上下文明确告知，开始于过去的动作只持续到说话时刻为止即已结束。例如：①A：Have you waited long? B：I’ve waited for three hours. ②I’ve waited for him all day; I don’t want to wait any longer.这种现在完成时的特点：1）谓语动词一般为延续性动词。2）动作发生的时间是过去，但这一动作持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去。3）与这种用法的现在完成时态连用的时间状语通常是表示“一段时间”的时间状语，以说明某个动作或状态持续了多久。 第五页，共32页。 ※与此种用法的现在完成时态搭配的时间状语：⑴since＋时间点①I’ve worked in this company since 1980.②I’ve worked in this company since I left school. 注意不能说：since three years，而要说since three years ago。⑵for＋时间段①I’ve worked in this company for three years.②Great changes have taken place in Beijing for the past few years. 第六页，共32页。 ⑶“到目前为止……”：until now, up until now, up to now, up till now, so far等。例如：We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations. ⑷ “在最近几世纪／年／月以来……”：in the past few years, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries, throughout history等。例如：①Throughout history man has had to