(病原免疫实验课件)H7N9病毒感染患者适应性免疫应答.pptVIP

* (病原免疫实验课件)H7N9病毒感染患者适应性免疫应答 This figure depicts the 4 possible parental viruses that contributed to the evolution of H7N9 through donation of gene segments. Segments of interest to the final H7N9 virus are shown in colour as are their products. The H1N1 swine influenza A pandemic of 2021 was caused by a novel reassortant strain of influenza A, containing segments from multiple swine, human, and avian strains of influenza A. As with seasonal influenza, infection control measures are critical to limiting the spread of this infection, including frequent hand washing, covering nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing, and using respiratory droplet isolation/contact precautions in the healthcare setting. Testing is not necessary for all patients who present with influenza-like illness. If definitive diagnosis of H1N1 swine influenza must be made, the test of choice is real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (rRT-PCR) of respiratory specimens or viral culture using panels that probe for human and swine influenza A. Review (1) rapid influenza antigen test This test should be considered if the result would alter treatment. Preferred specimens are a nasopharyngeal swab, a nasal aspirate, or a nasopharyngeal swab combined with an oropharyngeal swab. Swabs should have a synthetic tip (e.g., Dacron, polyester) and an aluminium or plastic shaft, and should be immediately placed and transported in 1 to 3 mL of viral transport medium. (2) real-time reverse transcriptase (rRT)-PCR The most definitive test for diagnosing H1N1 swine influenza infection. (3) immunofluorescent antibody staining Direct or indirect immunofluorescence assays can be used to distinguish between influenza A and influenza B viruses. The sensitivity is low, and a negative result does not exclude infection. Test-Confirm Pathogene New Outbreak ! Emergence of Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus Causing Severe Human Illness — China, February–April 2021 epidemic situation As of 30 May 2021, a total of 132 cases were