英语语法之虚拟语气.docx

虚拟语气知识要点 一、 语气是 动词 的一种形式，它表示 说话 人对某一行 为或 事情的看法和 态度。英语中有三种 语气： 1. 陈述语气：表示谓语动词 表示的 动作/状态符合客 观现实。 2. 祁使语气：表示号召、命令、建议、劝告、警告、禁止等。 3. 虚拟语 气：表示动作/状态不是客 观现实 ，而 是愿望、假 设、推测等。 二、虚拟语气的构成 与将来的事 实相反 与现在的事 实相反 与过去的事 实相反 If 条件句 主句 ① Should + 动词原形 would /should/could /migh ② were to + t + 动词原形 动词原形 ① 式 + … ② 动 词 过 去 would/should/could/might + 动词原形 were + … would/should/could/might ① had + 过去分词 + have + 动词 原形 例： 1 ○与将来的事 实相反： 1. If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions. 2. If there should be no air, therewould be no living things. 3. If it were to snow tomorrow, they couldn ’g out. ○与现在的事 实相反： 1. If it rained now, I would not go shopping. 2. If I were a teacher, Iwould be strict with my students. 3. If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position. ○与过去的事 实相反： 1. If I had come yesterday, Iwould have seenhim. 2. If we had startedearlier, we should not have missed the train. 3. If she hadn ’bteenill, she might have come. *** 请注意三种特殊情况： ○上面的句子大多都可以改成 倒装句，这时 If 就省略了，同 学们要能识别出来。 如： 1. Should there be no air, there would be no living things. 2. Were it not for their help, we should be in a very difficult 2 position. 3. Hadshe not beenill, she might have come. ○错综时间 条件句。即，主句与从句所指的 时间不一致。 1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指 现在，主句指过去。 ) 2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指 过去，主句指现在。 ) ○ 含蓄条件句。即，虚拟的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是暗 含在上下文中。 1. But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 2. The changecould not have taken place without the open-door policy. 3. I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have told him the answer. 4. We could have done better under more favorable conditions. 5. You should have beenhere five minutes ago. 三、 were 式虚拟 ○ It ’s (about/high) time that 过去式… + 3 1. It ’ 2. It ’ 3. It ’ ○ would/had rath