高三语法-带答案-介词学案.docxVIP

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PAGE PAGE # / 7 高考英语语法考点归纳一介词和介词短语 二轮复习教师寄语: 高考英语语法贯穿在高考英语语法填空、改错题、高考英语作文中,在进行阅读理解和 完形填空时也用得到。可以说单词是英语学习的基础、语法是英语学习的架构。高考英语语法不难,总结起来也 就十几点,希望同学们在听课和做题中不断揣摩其中的规律,再反过来通过题目精炼。 一、介词的分类 分类 特点 例词 简单介词 即一个介词 about, across, after, aga in st, among, around, at, below, bey ond during, in, on 等等。 合成介词 由两个介词构成合成词 in to, on to, throughout, upon, with in 短语介词 由短语构成 according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。 双重介词 由两个介词搭配而成 from among, from beh ind, from un der, till after, i n betwee n 等等。 分词介词 由现在分词转化而来 considering(就 而论),including , regarding , concerning 等。 兼类介词 由形容词直接转化而来 like, unlike, near, next, opposite 等等。 二、介词短语的功能 介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分, 表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。 介词短语的功能 例 句 作定语 They didn find the solution to the problem. 作状语 We have breakfast at seven.(表时间) They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因) What do you mean by doing such a thing ?(表方法) Nothing in the world could live without air or water .(表条件) 作表语 When 1 paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home. 作宾语补足语 I found the old building in a bad condition . 三、常考介词(短语)的区别 1?表示相同或相似概念的介词(短语)的区别 表示的概念 介词(短语) 区另U 例子 时间 in on at at 个时间点上; in在一段的时间之内; on在具体日子。 ① at 8 o clock, at noo ② in the 1990s, in Jan uary ③ on Mon day, on a warm morni ng「 si nce from since指从过去到现在的一段 时间,和完成时连用; ① We have not seen each other since 1995. from指从时间的某一点开始。 ② I hope to do morning exercises from today. in, after in指在一段时间之后,也可以 指一段时间之内-within ; after表示某一具体时间点之后 或用在过去时的一段时间中。 ① We II be back in three days. ② After seve n the rain bega n to fall. ③ What shall we do after graduati on? in the end at the end of by the end of t n the end作最后”、终 于”解,单独作句子成分,后不 接介词 of; at the end of 表示 “在……末梢”,“到……尽 头”,既可指时间,也可以指地 上或物体。不可单独使用; by .he end of作 在 结束 时”,“到……末为止”解,只 能指时间。不可单独使用。 In the end they reached a place of safety. At the end of the road sta nds a beautiful garde n. They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week. By the end of last month he had

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