高考语法复习专题十三： 分词和独立主格结构.docxVIP

高中语法专题：分词和独立主格结构 一分词作定语 boiling water正在沸腾的 boiled water 开水 - boiling water正在沸腾的 boiled water 开水 -a changing world 一个正在发生改变的世界 一 a changed world 一个变了 的世界 developing countries 发展中国家 一 developed countries 发达国家 .fallen leaves 落叶 the rising sun冉冉升起的太阳 .the risen sun升起的太阳 二分词作状语 1 .现在分词作状语，可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件等。分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. （伴随） Hang Wei went to school, taking a train. （方式） While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. （时间） Not having received a reply, we wrote again. （原因） Heating water, we can change it into vapor. （条件） 注意：①?ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。 ②-ing 形式前可有 while, when, unless, though, if 等连词。 过去分词只有一种形式，即 done,表被动。Deeply moved by the film, we all cried. 过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别：V-ing表示主动、进行的动作；过去分词表示被动。 Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like an elephant. / Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his childhood. 注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole（总的来讲）不考虑逻辑主语，看作为独立成分。 5 .having done / having been done作状语时，分词的动作先于谓语动词 1） Having handed in the paper, he left the room.（分词逻辑主语与主语相同，用 having done） 2） Having been given a map, we found our way easily.（分词逻辑主语与主语不同，是别人给的，用 having been done） 当发现所要填非谓语为被动时，能用done”就用”done”（除了有先后顺序（用（having done/having been done） 三分词作状语相当于状语从句 （1） 时间状语，可换成when, while, after, before等时间状语从句。 Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. =When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off. （2） 原因状语，可换成as, because, since, now that等原因状语从句。 Being very weak, she couldnt move.=As she was very weak, she couldnt move. ⑶条件状语，可换成if条件状语从句。 Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. Given more time, we could have done it better. =If we had been given more time, we could have done it better. （4） 让步状语，可换成though, although, no matter...等让步状语从句。 Although living miles away, he attended the course. =Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. =Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer. （5） 伴随状语，表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生。 He sa