电力专业英语阅读-作业六..pdfVIP

作业六 :将下列段落翻译成中文 Overhead alternating-current transmission Overhead transmission lines distribute the majority of the electric energy in the power system. A typical high-voltage line has three phase conductors to carry the current and transport the energy, and two grounded shield conductors to protect the line from direct lightning strikes. The usually bare conductors are insulated from the supporting towers by insulators attached to grounded towers or poles. Lower-voltage lines use post insulators, while the high-voltage lines are built with insulator chains or long-rod composite insulators. The normal distance between the supporting towers is a few hundred feet. Transmission lines use ACSR (aluminum cable, steel reinforced and ACAR (aluminum cable, alloy reinforced conductors. In an ACSR conductor, a stranded steel core carries the mechanical load, and layers of stranded aluminum surrounding the core carry the current. An ACAR conductor is a stranded cable made of an aluminum alloy with low resistance and high mechanical strength. ACSR conductors are usually used for high-voltage lines, and ACAR conductors for subtransmission and distribution lines. Ultrahigh-voltage (UHV and extrahigh-voltage (EHV lines use bundle conductors. Each phase of the line is built with two, three, or four conductors connected in parallel and separated by about 1.5 ft (0.5 m. Bundle conductors reduce corona discharge. The power that a line can transport is limited by the lines electrical parameters. Voltage drop is the most important factor for distribution lines; where the line is supplied from only one end, the permitted voltage drop is about 5%. Conductor temperature must be lower than the temperature which causes permanent elongation. A typical maximum steady-state value for ACSR is 212F (100 C, but in an° ° emergency temperatures 10–20% higher are allowed for a short period of time (10 min to 1 h. Corona discharge is ge