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APA citation style refers to the rules and conventions established by the American Psychological Association for documenting sources used in a research paper. APA style requires both in-text citations and a reference list. For every in-text citation there should be a full citation in the reference list and vice versa. The examples of APA styles and formats listed on this page include many of the most common types of sources used in academic research. For additional examples and more detailed information about APA citation style, refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association and the APA Style Guide to Electronic References . Also, for automatic generation of citations in appropriate citation style, use a bibliographic citation managementprogram such as Refworks or EndNote. You can find more information on this in our Citation Management page. Reference Citations in Text In APA style, in-text citations are placed within sentences and paragraphs so that it is clear what information is being quoted or paraphrased and whose information is being cited. Examples: Works by a single author The last name of the author and the year of publication are inserted in the text at the appropriate point. from theory on bounded rationality (Simon, 1945) If the name of the author or the date appear as part of the narrative, cite only missing information in parentheses. Simon (1945) posited that Works by multiple authors When a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the reference occurs in the text. In parenthetical material join the names with an ampersand (). as has been shown (Leiter Maslach, 1998) In the narrative text, join the names with the word and. as Leiter and Maslach (1998) demonstrated Whena work has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs. Kahneman, Knetsch, and Thaler (1991) found In all subsequent citations per paragraph, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al.