虚拟语气考点透视- 高三英语一轮复习素材.docxVIP

高中英语虚拟语气考点透视 一、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 1.条件句中的虚拟语气 （1）含有if条件状语从句的虚拟语气 这是虚拟语气最普遍的表达形式，虚拟语气中主句和条件状语从句的谓语动词构成的具体情形见下表： 例1.If Sam were here, he would be so excited about meeting a famous scholar in the flesh. 如果Sam在这里，他可以见到这位著名学者本人准会非常激动。 例2.If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. 如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。 例3.If it were to rain tomorrow, they would not go out. 万一明天下雨，他们就不出去了。 （2）if虚拟条件句的省略与倒装 在具体语境中，为了句子结构的简洁，if引导的虚拟条件句常常省略if，并将从句中的were，had，should 提前。 例4.Were Sam here, he would be so excited about meeting a famous scholar in the flesh. 如果Sam在这里，他可以见到这位著名学者本人准会非常激动。 例5.Had the rules of perspective not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. 如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。 例6.Were it to rain tomorrow, they would not go out. 万一明天下雨，他们就不出去了。 （3）混合虚拟语气 在具体的表达情境中，还会出现虚拟条件状语从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致的情况。这时，我们要根据它们所表示的时间做出相应的调整。 例7.If I had listened to her suggestion yesterday（过去）, the accident would not happen（现在）.如果昨天我听从了她的建议，就不会发生这次事故了。 例8.If I didn’t get injured in the accident （现在）, I could take part in the marathon next week（将来）. 如果我没有在事故中受伤，我就能参加下周的马拉松。 （4）含蓄虚拟语气 虚拟条件有时不直接用if从句表达出来，而是通过一些介词短语或连词（如without， but for，otherwise， or 等）来暗示或上下文来表示，有时还可以用分词短语或独立主格结构来体现。 例9.He would have played but for （要不是）a knee injury.他要不是膝部有伤的话，就上场了。 例10.The workers were not better organized, otherwise （要不然，相当于if the workers had been organized better）they would have accomplished the task in half the time. 这些工人们没有组织好，要不然他们只需一半的时间就能完成任务。 例11.Meeting him somewhere else （相当于if I had met him somewhere）, I wouldn’t have recognized him.要是在别处遇到，我肯定认不出他来。 例12.Everything taken into consideration （相当于if everything had been taken into consideration）， the accident wouldn’t have happened.如果把一切考虑周全，事故就不会发生。 2.其他状语从句中的虚拟语气 （1）as if引导的方式状语从句中，从句的谓语动词存在三种情况：与现在事实相反，用一般过去时;与过去事实相反，用过去完成时;与将来事实相反，用过去将来时。 例13.They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热聊了起来，一见如故。 例14.He treats me well as if