中石化职称英语教材.pdfVIP

第三部分 UNIT 1 Composition of Petroleum 石油的组成 Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, toxic, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, and other organic compounds, that are found in geologic formation s beneath the Earth ’s surface.. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. It is refined and separated, most easily by boiling point, into a large number of consumer products, from gasoline and kerosene to asphalt and chemical reagent s used to make plastics and pharmaceutical s. 石油或原油是天然形成的、有毒的、可燃性的液体，是含有不同分子量的碳氢化合物以 及其它有机化合物的复杂混合物。 它是在地球表面下的地址层中发现的。 石油大部分是通过 石油钻探开采得到的。 石油很容易按不同馏程进行炼制和分离成为大量的消费产品， 从汽油、 煤油到沥青以及用作制造塑料和药品的化学试剂。 In its strictest sense, petroleum includes only crude oil, but in common usage it includes both crude oil and natural gas. Both crude oil and natural gas are predominantly a mixture of hydrocarbons. Under surface pressure and temperature conditions, the lighter hydrocarbons methane, ethane, propane and butane occur as gases, while the heavier ones from pentane and up are in the form of liquids or solids. However in the underground oil reservoir the proportion of gas and liquid varies depending on the subsurface conditions, and on the phase diagram of the petroleum mixture. 严格意义上说，石油仅仅包含原油，但是在惯用法上，它包含石油和天然气。石油和天 然气主要是烃类混合物。 在地球表面压力和温度条件下， 轻质的碳氢化合物甲烷、 乙烷、丙 烷和丁烷以气体的形式出现， 而重质的碳氢化合物如戊烷和重于戊烷的烃都是以液体的形式 出现。然而，在地下油藏。 气体或液体的比例变化取决于亚地表层条件和石油混合物的相图。 An oil well produces predominantly crude oil, with some natural gas dissolved in it. Because the pressure is lower at the surface than underground, some of the gas will come out of solution and be recovered (burned) as as