线性代数课件 chapter2 Matrix Algebra.pptVIP

Example : Find a basis for the null space of the matrix. Solution: First, write the solution of Ax = 0 in parametric vector form: The general solution is Example : Find a basis for the column space of the matrix Solution: Denote the columns of B by b1,…,b5 and note that b3 and b4 are combinations of the pivot columns. then, substituting for b3 and b4 , we can write v in the form example : It can be verified that the matrix is row equivalent to the matrix B in the above example. Find a basis for Col A. §2.8 Subspace of Rn Sol. From the above example7, the pivot columns of A are columns1, 2, and 5. Also, b3=-3b1+2b2 and b4=5b1-b2. Since row operations do not affect linear dependence relation among the columns of the matrix, we should have a3=-3a1+2a2 and a4 = 5a1-a2 By the argument in the above example, a3 and a4 are not needed to generate the columns space of A. Also, {a1, a2, a5} must be the linear independent, because any dependence relation among a1, a2, and a5 would imply the same dependence relation among b1,b2 and b5. Hence It is a basis for Col A. §2.8 Subspace of Rn Theorem 13 The pivot columns of a matrix A form a basis for the column space of A. Warning: Be careful to use pivot columns of A itself for the basis of Col.A. The columns of an echelon form B are often not in the column space of A. §2.9 Dimension and Rank 1. Coordinate Systems 2. The Dimension of a Subspace 3. Rank and the Invertible Matrix Theorem §2.9 Dimension and Rank 1. Coordinate Systems Definition: Suppose the set B = {b1,…,bp} is a basis for a subspace H. For each x in H, the coordinates of x relative to the basis B are the weights c1,…cp such that x= c1b1+…+cpbp, and the vector in Rp is called the coordinate vector of x (relative to B) or the B-coordinate vector of x. Example : Let . Then B