英语：英语词汇学： 英语词汇的发展.pptVIP

英语词汇学Chapter 2The development of the English Vocabulary英语词汇的开展;2.1 The Indo-European language family 印欧语系;2 - The Indo-European is one of them. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. 印欧语就是其中之一。该语系包含欧洲的大多数言语、近东诸言语和古梵语。 3 - They accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian , Armenian and Albanian ; a Western set: Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, Germanic. 这些语族相应地分为 8 大语族，这 8 大语族又可分为东部诸语族。东部诸语族有波罗的海-斯拉夫语族，印 度-伊朗语族，亚美尼亚-阿尔巴尼亚语族; 西部诸语族有凯尔特语族，意大利语族，希腊语族，日耳曼语族。; 4 - In the Eastern set, Armenian and Albanian are each the only modern language respectively. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and Russian. 在东部诸语族中，亚美尼亚-阿尔巴尼亚语族都只留下今天的亚美尼亚语和阿尔巴尼亚语。波罗的海-斯拉夫语族包含普鲁士语，立陶宛语，波兰语，捷克语，保加利亚语，斯洛文尼亚语和俄语等。 5 - In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian. Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language Sanskrit. 印度-伊朗语族语族波斯语，孟加拉国语，印地语，吉普赛语，后 3 门言语X于已经消亡的古梵语。 6 - In the Western set, Greek is the modern language derived from Hellenic. 在西部诸语族中，现代希腊语X于古希腊语族。 ;7 - The Germanic family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. Then there is German, Dutch, Flemish and English. 日耳曼语族包含 4 门北欧言语：挪威语，冰岛语，丹麦语和瑞典语，这 4 门言语统称为斯堪的纳维亚 语。其次是德语，荷兰语，佛兰芒语和英语。;2.2 A Historical Overview of the English Vocabulary 英语词汇历史概述;2.2.2 Middle English (1150-1500) -中古英语 Although there were borrowings from Latin, the influence on English was mainly Germanic. 虽然英语也从拉丁语中借词，但影响英语的主要还是日耳曼语。 Between 1250 and 1500 about 9000 words of French origin poured into English. Seventy-five percent of them are still in use today. 从 1250 年到 1500 年的 250 年间，大约有 9000 个法语词汇进入到英语中，其中 75%仍在使用。 If we say that Old English was a language of full endings. Middle English was one of leveled endings. 如果说古英语是全