初中被动语态讲解及练习.docxVIP

第 第 PAGE 1 页 被动语态 一、概念： 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是 动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作 不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。 二、主动句变为被动句的步骤： 1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。 原主动句的主语如需要则放在by 后面以它 的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。三、被动语态的用法： 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 We clean our classroom every day. My mother asks me to study hard. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to 的动词不定式，主动语态中不带 to ，但变为被动 语态时，须加上 to 。 例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语。 使用直接宾语(物)作主语时，要在动词后加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket. →A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care o