研究孙子兵法胜利的正效应和负效应.docVIP

研究孙子兵法胜利的正效应和负效应 目录 TOC \o 1-9 \h \z \u 目录 1 正文 1 文1：研究孙子兵法胜利的正效应和负效应 1 一、《孙子兵法》对胜利的划分方法 3 二、《孙子兵法》隐含胜利负效应的认知 7 三、《孙子兵法》规避胜利负效应的理论与实践 11 文2：电力企业负效应研究 15 一、电力企业的负效应值得重视 15 二、电力 企业 负效应产生的原因 17 三、要研究抑制电力企业负效应的措施 21 参考文摘引言： 23 原创性声明（模板） 24 文章致谢（模板） 25 正文 研究孙子兵法胜利的正效应和负效应 文1：研究孙子兵法胜利的正效应和负效应 Warning on Negative Effect of Victory in The Art of War Abstract:The Art of Waris a book of studying winning art the way of winning the victory， the victory is divided into two types by Sun is coming out victorious in every battle， and the other is defeating the enemy without the effect of the victory， the victory is divided into positive effect and negative effect of victory by Sun history as the evidence， the negative effect of victory is in four fit is arrogant after the second is with weak national strength after the third is fighting for more power and profit after the fourth is with domestic trouble and foreign invasion after the Art of War urges to avoid the negative effect of victory through theory and is that Sun Tzu struggles for avoiding the negative effect of victory by the concept on without war， no attack and no other is that Sun Tzu is positive for avoiding the negative effect of victory by three important measures including offering good treatment to the captives， striving for captured equipment and coolidating victories gained in the war。 Keyword:The Art of War; Sun Tzu; victory; negative effect; positive effect; achieve the victory; 《孙子兵法》是一部专门研究制胜艺术的兵书。据杨少俊统计， “胜”字共出现85次。[1]306《用间篇》特意指出制胜的艰难：“相守数年， 以争一日之胜。”[2]236《用间篇》还赞扬明君贤将能够做到“动而胜人。”《计篇》推崇“庙算胜者”， 还告诫用兵者， 制胜先机不可预先泄漏：“兵家之胜， 不可先传也”.《作战篇》力倡“兵贵胜”之道。《谋攻篇》强调“知胜之道”.君主与将帅的职责区分不清晰， 就会酿成“乱军引胜”之祸。《虚实篇》倡导“战胜不复”“因敌而制胜”[3].《孙子兵法》对制胜有着精辟的论述， 而在胜利的负效应问题上解说比较隐晦。本文旨在对《孙子兵法》这一议而未明的问题展开进一步的解读。 一、《孙子兵法》对胜利的划分方法 古往今来， 关于战争的分类， 仁者见仁， 智者见智。民国年间杨杰《孙武子》一书， 认为《孙子兵法》是把战争分为四个等级：第一至四等级分别是“伐谋”“伐交”“伐兵”“攻城”， 这“是从经济的观点出发的”[4]41.美国军事学者赫尔曼·康恩在把战争等级由低度到高度， 从战争危机到核大战， 依次划分为44个梯级。[5]55-202赫尔曼·康恩对战争的梯级划分，