地理信息系统导论chap07.pptVIP

Creating Features from Existing Features Nontopological operations can create new features by merging features, buffering features, unioning features, and intersecting features. Edgematching Edgematching matches lines along the edge of a layer to lines of an adjacent layer so that the lines are continuous across the border between the two layers. Figure 7.20 Edgematching matches the lines of two adjacent layers (top) so that the lines are continuous across the border (bottom). Figure 7.21 Mismatches of lines from two adjacent layers are only visible after zooming in. Line Simplification and Smoothing Line simplification refers to the process of simplifying or generalizing a line by removing some of its points. Line smoothing refers to the process of reshaping lines by using some mathematical functions such as splines. Figure 7.22 The Douglas-Peucker line simplification algorithm is an iterative process, which requires use of a tolerance, trend lines, and calculation of deviations of vertices to the trend line. See text for explanation. Figure 7.23 Result of line simplification can differ depending on the algorithm used: the Douglas-Peucker algorithm (a) and the bend-simplify algorithm (b). Figure 7.24 Line smoothing smoothes a line by generating new vertices mathematically and add them to the line. Land Management Information Center at Minnesota Planning: NSSDA statistic http://www.gda.state.mn.us/pdf/1999/lmic/nssda_o.pdf Ordnance Survey: Master Map http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/ * CHAPTER 7 SPATIAL DATA ACCURACY AND QUALITY 7.1 Location Errors 7.1.1 Location Errors Using Secondary Data Sources 7.1.2 Causes for Digitizing Errors 7.1.3 Location Errors Using Primary Data Sources 7.2 Spatial Data Accuracy Standards Box 7.1 National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA) Statistic 7.3 Topological Errors 7.3.1 Topological Errors with Spatial Features 7.3.2 Topological Errors Between Layers 7.4 Topological Editing Box 7.2 GIS Packages for Topological