英语写作网上scientific writing wuhan.pptxVIP

1 Scientific Writing Rhea-Beth Markowitz, PhD Medical College of Georgia Augusta, Georgia, USA rbmarkowitz@mcg.edu 2 “A naturalist’s life would be a happy one if he had only to observe and never to write.” Charles Darwin 3 Outline Session 1: Elements of Scientific Writing Session 2: How to Write a Manuscript Session 3: Publication Practices Ethics Session 4: Common Problem Areas Session 5: How to Publish (Western Journal) Sessions 6 7: Critiques of your writing Session 8: Questions Review 4 Session 1: Topics What is scientific writing? How does it differ from writing in general? Grammar other writing essentials Plain language Reference Books 5 What is scientific writing? How does it differ from other writing? 6 Not poetic or flowery More direct and to the point Passive voice (NO) Wordy (doesn’t need to be) More precise 7 Our goal is to make scientific writing readable and easy to understand 8 Grammar Other Writing Essentials 9 Sentence Consists of subject, verb, and object Keep subject and verb close together! Serologic studies have shown that primary infection usually occurs during childhood. Each sentence should make a single point 20-22 words per sentence 10 What the reader expects in a sentence Main action of the sentence is expressed in the main verb Subject is the agent of the action (if the agent is important) Sentence tells a story In this report, we describe a systematic study of the role of immunodeficiency in BKV and JCV viruria. 11 Subject is at the beginning of the sentence, unless there is a dependent clause. In which case, subject will immediately follow the clause Aside from the kinase domain and phosphorylation sites, virtually nothing is known about structure-function relationships in the enzyme. Verb immediately follows the subject 12 Positions in the Sentence Topic position is at the beginning of the sentence. Contains old information Links us backward Stress position should be at end of the sentence. Point of closure Receives spe