双语细菌的感染与免疫.pptVIP

Capsule (荚膜) of streptococcus pneumoniae Microcapsule （微荚膜） Slime layer （黏液层） 第三十页，共六十八页。 Protect the cell wall against attack by drugs Inhibit ingestion and killing by phagocytes Play a role in the adherence of human tissue Antigenicity 2. Capsule（荚膜） 第三十一页，共六十八页。 3. Invasive enzymes 侵袭性酶类 Some bacteria may generate invasive enzymes, which can damage body tissues and promote the invasion and diffusion of the bacteria. 第三十二页，共六十八页。 4. Invasin 侵袭素 Encoded by invasive genes（侵袭基因） Mediate invading adjacent epithelial cells 第三十三页，共六十八页。 5. Bacterial biofilm 细菌生物被膜： The membraneous bacterial community composed of bacteria and the extracellular polymers secreted by bacteria after they adhere to the surface of living or nonliving materials. 第三十四页，共六十八页。 5. Bacterial biofilm 细菌生物被膜 Facilitates bacterial adhesion Baffles the penetration of antibiotic and the rejection of immune system Profits signal communication among bacteria. 第三十五页，共六十八页。 Bacterial biofilm 第三十六页，共六十八页。 第三十七页，共六十八页。 Biofilm in the endoscope（内窥镜） 第三十八页，共六十八页。 Staphylococcus epidermidis（表皮葡萄球菌）biofilm in the surface of venous catheter（静脉导管） 第三十九页，共六十八页。 Exotoxins Endotoxins Excreted by living cells; high concentrations in liquid medium. Integral part of the cell wall of G- bacteria. Released on bacterial death and in part during growth. May not need to be released to have biologic activity. Produced by both G+ and G- bacteria. Found only in G- bacteria. Polypeptides LPS (lipid A portion probably responsible for toxicity.) Relatively unstable; toxicity often destroyed rapidly by heating at temperatures above 60℃. Relatively stable; withstand heating at temperatures above 60℃ for hours without loss of toxicity. 第四十页，共六十八页。 Exotoxins Endotoxins Highly antigenic; stimulate formation of high-titer antitoxin (抗毒素). Antitoxin neutralizes toxin. Weakly immunogenic; antibodies are antitoxic and protective. Relationship between antibody titers and protection from disease is less cle