神经生物学：第六章 运动调控.pptx

;Motor Control;Structrue;Introduction;The Somatic Motor System ;Somatic motor system;;The lower motor neuron;English neurophysiologist 1932 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine His contributions: Synapse Final common pathway Motor unit Proprioception Decerebrate rigidity Noted publications: The Integrative Action of the Nervous System Mammalian Physiology: a Course of Practical Exercises;The segmental organization of Lower motor neuron;The distribution pattern of lower motor neurons in the ventral horn;Two categories of lower motor neuron ;Alpha motor neuron;Graded control of muscle contraction;Two ways for CNS to grade the muscle contraction;;Not all muscle is the same.;Different type;Types of motor units;Crossed-innervation experiment;Input sources;Muscle spindle;;Group Ia axon;Myotatic reflex ;The knee-jerk reflex test;;;;临床意义：;;Gamma motor neuron;The function of gamma motor neuron;Summary ;Gamma loop;Proprioceptive inputs from the muscles;Golgi tendon organ;Compare golgi tendon organ with muscle spindle;Reverse myotatic reflex;Spinal interneurons;Inhibitory input;Excitatory input;Crossed-extensor reflex;The generation of spinal motor program for walking;NMDA receptors was sufficient fto generate this locomotor activity;A possible circuit for rhythmic alternating activity;Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -lower motor neuron disease;Brain Control of movement;The motor control hierarchy;Descending spinal tracts;The Lateral Pathways;.;The longest neural tract 2/3 originate in the motor cortex 1/3 originate in the somatic sensory cortex Pass through internal capsule-cerebral peduncle-pons-base of the medulla, forms medullary pyramid-crosses at the junction of medulla and spinal cord,pyramidal decussation-terminate at the dorsal lateral region of ventral horn;Internal capsule;stroke;Pyramidal decussation;Rubrospinal tract;The Lateral Pathways (Cont’d);The Ventromedial Pathways;Posture and locomotion - originates in brain stem The Vestibulospinal t