第9单元被动语态的翻译.ppt

;被动语态（以be done 为例） ;教学内容;一、被动语态在英语中的运用 被动语态的广泛使用是英语区别于汉语的一大特点。这不仅是因为被动结构比主动结构更少主观色彩，结构更简单，还因为有不必、不愿或无从说出施动者等情况的存在。;1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如： Such books are written for children. We haven’t been told about it. The English evening has been put off till Saturday. ;For a long time aluminium has been thought as an effective material for preventing metal corrosion. 长期以来，铝被当作一种有效防止??属腐蚀的材料。 He was named Smith. 他的名字叫史密斯 ;2、出于礼貌措辞等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。例如： You are requested to give a performance. 你要表演个节目。 It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 这样的做法是不可取的。 New electronic devices are shown to the students. 给同学们看新的电子装置。;3、无从说出施动者是谁。例如： You’re wanted on the phone. 有电话找你。 The problem is being studied. 正在研究问题。 Rice is chiefly grown in the south. 水稻主要生长在南方。;;4、为了便于上下衔接。例如： He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 他出现在舞台上并受到了热烈的欢迎 Jack fought John in the men’s singles last night and was beaten. Jack在脱单聚会上和John打架，还被打了。 She was asked ten questions in the oral exam and answered every one of them correctly. 口试时，问了十个问题，她全都答对了。 ;5、为了突出谈话的中心。例如： The song was composed by a French musician. 这是一首由法国音乐家写的歌曲。 The program was designed by ourselves. 我们自己设计项目。;6. 被动语态可在特定的语境中表达对主语的尊敬和说话者的谦恭。例如： Where can you be reached? 在什么地方可以找到您？（请问您住在什么地方？） When will I be interviewed? 我什么时候来参加面试呢？ Visitors are requested to show their ticket来宾请出示入场券。 ;7. 被动语态常用以表示说话者对所提出的话题（或人或事或物）持有某种客观态度，因而比较婉转。例如： He is said to be the most respected teacher in our Department. 据说他是我们系上最受尊敬的老师。;;;二、汉语被动意义的表达方式;;;三、英译汉被动语态的翻译方法;翻译成汉语的主动句 ; 当被动句中有地点状语，由介词“by”引导的方式状语及“from”等表示的其它状语时，有时可把这种状语译成主语，将介词省略，而把原主语译成宾语，这样，就更符合汉语的习惯。如： 1) The result of the invention of the stream engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power. 蒸汽机发明的结果是，机械力代替了人力。 2) Even when the pressure stays the same, great changes in air density are caused by changes in temperature. 即使压力不变，气温的变化也能引起空气密度的巨大变化。 ;2.增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语;;;3. ?翻译成带“是……的”的主动句;把被动语态译成汉语无主句;2. 将原文中的主语译成宾语，置于动词之前;英语中有些成语动