基于单片机的三相异步电动机节能控制设计.doc

- PAGE V - PAGE I 摘 要 三相交流非同步電動機是一種將電能轉化為機械能的電力拖動裝置。它主要由定子、 轉子和它們之間的氣隙構成。對定子繞組通上三相電源後，產生旋轉磁場並切割轉子,獲得轉矩。三相交流非同步電動機具有結構簡單、運行可靠、價格便宜、超載能力強及使用、安裝、維護方便等優點，被廣泛應用於各個領域。但在很多行業中電動機的使用並不合理，電機常常工作在輕載甚至空載狀態下，這使得電動機的功率因數和效率很低， 不僅浪費了大量電能，而且降低了電網的供電品質。 本論文重點研究：電機輕載時降低定子電壓提高功率因數的電機節能方式。 調壓節能的主回路一般都採用晶閘管調壓電路由六只兩兩反並聯的晶閘管組成，串接於電動機的三相供電線路上。用單片機控制晶閘管觸發角α的大小，調節交流電動機定子電壓以減少電機的鐵損及勵磁電流，從而提高功率因數及運行效率。 關鍵字：三相非同步電動機 調壓節能 單片機 晶閘管 Abstract Three-phase ac induction motor is a kind of energy into mechanical energy of electric drive device. It mainly consists of stator and rotor and between them the air-gap constitutes. General of the stator winding, after three phase power of rotating magnetic field generated and cutting rotor, obtain torque. Three-phase ac asynchronous motor has simple structure, reliable operation, price cheap, overload ability and use, installation, maintenance convenience etc, are widely used in every field. But in many industries motor use did not reasonable, motors often work in light load even under no-load condition, which makes motor power factor and efficiency is very low, not only wastes a lot of energy, and reduces the grid power supply quality. This paper focuses on the research: motor stator voltage decrease when light load of motor improving power factor. Energy way The surge of main loop energy commonly pressure regulating circuit using thyristor by six two LiangFan parallel thyristor composition, strung meet in the three-phase power supply lines motor. Using single-chip microcomputer control thyristor trigger Angle alpha size, adjust ac motor stator voltage to reduce the iron loss and motor excitation current, so as to improve the power factor and operation efficiency. Key words: Three-phase asynchronous motor Microcontroller Pressure regulating energy-saving Thyristor 目錄 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u 摘要 I Abstract II 1.前言 1 1.1节能的必要性 1 1.2电动机节能控制的基本方法 2 2.异步电机损耗分析及调压节能基本原理 5 2.1 交流异步电机的能耗与效率的