英汉语言对比-习题·+答案.docxVIP

英汉语言对比 Ⅰ. Answer Questions Synthetic vs. Analytic Directions: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary. What are synthetic languages(综合语)? How are they characterized? According to Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, A synthetic language is “Characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships” What are analytical languages（分析语）? How are they characterized? According to The Random House College Dictionary, An analytic language is “Characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs and changes in words order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms”. Why English language is more flexible in word order（语序）? Why is it not so in Chinese? Because word order is more connected with the formal changes. If the form change is more flexible, the word order is more flexible. Chinese language is an analytic language, the word order cannot be change at random, in which the relationship between the words are closely related with word order and function words. What is the usual word order in English sentences? What are the nine types of inversion in English sentences? The usual word order in English sentence is Subject -Verb-Object. The nine types of inversion in English sentences include: interrogative inversion, imperative inversion, exclamatory inversion, hypothetical inversion, balance inversion, link inversion, signpost inversion, negative inversion, metrical inversion. 1. 5. What are the E—C differences in formal words（形式词）? English language is featured in its abundant function words, of which is article. Articles are frequent employed. To use an article or not, and to use a definite one or an indefinite one, makes great difference in expression of meaning. Auxiliary are more frequently used in Chinese. Chinese language contains auxiliary for tense, structural and mood. This last category is especially unique in the language for the richness for d