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- 2022-11-02 发布于上海
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会计学
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清华大学英语博士考博词汇部分讲解
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清华大学博士生入学 考试考前辅导词汇部分清华大学外语系吕中舌
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I. 攻读博士学位考试大纲词汇量要求:
清华大学博士生入学时其英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生水平。根据《研究生英语教学大纲》中的规定:硕士生应领会式掌握词汇5500个,其中大部分为实义词,如:名词、动词、形容词、副词。动词所占比例最大,约占五分之一;名词应不亚于动词,而且词汇级别越高名词的比例就越大。但这并不意味介词、连词就可以忽略。
掌握一定数量的常用词组。
掌握一定数量的常用词缀,并能根据构词法和语境意思识别常见的派生词。
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II. 词汇部分的考试形式及重点:
形式:10个单句有下划线,选出同下划线意义相同的单词;10个单句选择填空以完成句子。
题量: 20个句子(10%),每道题0.5分,共10分。
重点:是对名词、动词、形容词、短语及固定搭配的判断和理解,其中包括区分同义词、近义词、反义词等。如:
In order to achieve your goals, you must work hard.
A. make B. accomplish C. require D. develop
As they can’t afford to let the situation get worse, they will take some necessary _____.
A. decisions B. sides C. directions D. steps
The first, second, and third prizes went to Jack, Tom and Harry ______.
A. equally B. differently C. similarly D. respectively
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III. 单词记忆方法:
通过阅读记单词
通过做练习题记单词
通过联想方式记单词: 邻近联想:lightening-thunder-storm; winter-freeze- snow-frost; spring-blossom-awake; 类比联想: result-effect-impact; because of, on account of, due to; 对比联想: stupid-clever-smart; advance-backward等.。
分类记忆单词:根据单词的词性、词义、读音等方式将单词分类。如按意义分类:vehicle, truck, jeep, taxi 等。按单词词性分类:reduce, decline, decrease, fall, drop等。
掌握构词法:如,前缀、后缀、词根。
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前缀:名词后缀:动词后缀:形容词后缀:副词后缀:常见词根:
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IV. 四种命题方式:
1.近形词题目:考单词辨认、近形词辨认的能力。如:
The problem is caused _____ by a lack of money.
A. prominently B. profoundly C. primarily D. proportionally
The new director of the television station wants to _____ its program.
A. divide B. decide C. diversify D. divert
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2. 近义词题:词义相近、用法不同。如:
Generally ____, that city is less crowded than the others in the same state.
A. talking B. speaking C. saying D. telling
In the big flood, only 20 % of the people in that village ______.
A. remained B. stayed C. lived
D. survived
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语境词汇题:根据单词所处的具体语言环境,确定正确选项。
In 400 A.D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that span upwards and fell back to earth as _____ ceased.
A. rotation B. suspension C. emission D
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