2017.5.6 SAT亚太考场获奖作文.docxVIP

精心整理 HowToIncreasetheNumberofWomenWinningNobelPrize s ByMeredithWadmanOct.24,2013,Time 1.?Themotheroftweenswasfoldinglaundryat5a.m.beforegoingtoanearlyspinningclasswhenthephonerang.?It wasOctober2009andCarolGreider,abiologistatJohnsHopkinsUniversity,pickedupandheardavoicefromStockh olm.Shehadwonthatyea’r s?NobelPrize?inmedicine. ?Unfortunately,GreiderremainsararityinthepantheonofNobelscientists.And’that spartlybecausewehave’n tdoneenoughtohelpyoungfemalescientistsbalancethedemandsofacademicresearchwiththepulloffamily?resp onsibility.Thatneedstochange. ?Admittedly,toda’y ssituationisbetterthanitwaswhenGreiderenteredgradschoolintheearly80s,nevermindinthedarkdaysofthep recedingdecades.Then,whenwomenwerescarcelytobefoundatundergraduatelabbenches,theresultsintheraref iedreachesofStockholmcould’n thelpbutbedismal.Sincetheawardswerelaunchedin1901,twophysicslaureates?havebeenwomen:MarieCuriein1 903andMariaGoeppertMayerin1963.?Inchemistry,fourofthe165winnershavebeenwomen.(MarieCuriewasoneoft hem,in1911;sheistheonlywomantohavewontwoNobels.)?Womenhavewon5percentofthecovetedawardsinphysiolo gyormedicine.?Anditwas2009beforeElinorOstrom,of?Indiana?UniversityandArizonaStateUniversity,becam ethefirst-everfemalelaureateineconomics. ?Infact,2009wassomethingofabanneryearforwom—en Greidersharedherawardwithhermentor,ElizabethBlackburn,oftheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanFrancisco;a ndIsrael’sAdaYonathsharedtheprizeinchemistry.Sincethen,menhavecontinuedtosweepthescienceawards. 5.?Allofthiswasdecadesago,beforerecentcampaignstoencouragemoreyoungwomentochooseSTEM(science,tech nology,engineeringandmath)careers;and,intheUS,beforetheCivilRightsAct,affirmativeactionandTitleIX .What’stheexcusein2013? 6.?What,specifically,shouldinstitutionsdotooffersuchsupport?Universitiescanmakemeaningfulpolicych anges,suchasallowingwomenwithyoungchildrentostopthetenureclockforaperiodof—time anoptionavailableatsomebutnotallacademiccenters.Theyshouldensurethatyoungfemalescientistshavededi cated,top-notchmentors.?Andt