三、英译汉基础翻译要点——名词从句的译法.pptVIP

三、英译汉基础翻译要点 第六章 名词从句的译法 6.1 主语从句 A. 以从属连词或连接代词位于句首的主语从句翻译时语序一般不变。如： 例1．That a man could live for so many years alone in the mountains is really something unthinkable. 一个人能够单独在山里生活这么多年真是不可思议。 例2．That substances expand when heated and contract when cooled is a common physical phenomenon. 物质热长冷缩是一个普通的物理现象。 例3．What the students find most difficult in a foreign language is its idiomatic usage.学生感到，一种外语最困难的地方是它的习惯用法。 例4．What struck me most in this book was the author’s true-to-life description of the people’s life in that country. 这本书给我印象最深的是作者对那个国家的人民生活所做的真实的描写。 例5．Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的每句话都应保密。 B．以形式主语it引出的主语从句，翻译时有三种处理办法： 1． 如主语从句较短，可提前与主句合译为“是”字结构。如： 例1. It is dangerous that you have a smattering of superficial knowledge on a subject. 对任何问题一知半解都是危险的。 例2．It is good news that our team has won the championship. 我们队得了冠军是好消息。 2．如主语从句较长，不宜与主句合译为汉语的“是”字结构，一般可译为并列分句或独立的句子，即先译从句，而在主句之前加“这”字译出。如： 例1．It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air. 物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种大家共有的经验。 例2．It is common sense that a liquid has no definite shape, but it has a definite volume. 液体没有一定的形状，但有一定的体积，这是普通常识。 例4．It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. 因此，如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会，就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面更为详尽的信息和更多的指点。这个问题显得越来越重要了。 从例4可看到英汉两种语言思维合和表达方式的不同。英语重直线思维，汉语重曲线思维。英语直截了当，习惯把要点放在句首先说出，然后再把其他信息一一补进；而汉语习惯于从侧面说明，先阐述外围的环境，最后点出信息中心。从形式看，英语是前重心，头短尾长；汉语则是后重心，头大尾小。 3．以it作形式主语而主句的谓语是被动语态的句子，一般宜转译为主动语态，可译为“据…..”或补上泛指主语“有人”、“大家”、“人们”等，主语从句保留原文的语序。如： 例1．It is reported that the meeting will be held in June. 据报导，这个会将在六月间举行。 例2．It is said that there are now three times as many factories in that district as in 1970. 据说，那个地区的工厂比1970年增加了两倍。 例3．It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real. 可能有人会提出，无线电广播也同样能够