现代生命科学导论课件.pptxVIP

生命的多样性 ? ;生物界与生物进化;生物的分类（taxonomy);生物的分界kingdom; ;类 病 毒 viroid;朊 病 毒prion;原核生物界 Monera;特征： 真核 单细胞或群体 生活在水中 分类： 原生动物 藻类 粘菌;特征： 真核 不能光合作用 分类： 霉菌 子囊菌 担子菌（蘑菇）;植物界 Plantae;动物界 Aminalia;人在生物界中的分类位置;;奥陶纪（Ordovician);泥盆纪初期 Lower Devonian (ca. 400 Ma) First forests (脉管植物vascular plants) landscape showing the early development of vascular plants.;中期泥盆纪 Middle Devonian (ca. 370 Ma) landscape sees the development of gymnospermae (naked seed plants like conifers);石炭纪 Carboniferous (ca. 345 - 280 Ma) Great diversification of plants (gymnospermae)， a dragonfly with a wingspan of ca. 2 feet.;白垩纪Cretaceous，中生代Mesozoic (ca. 100 Ma) landscape and the development of angiospermae (flowering plants).;前寒武纪 Precambrian, 飘浮有???虫（500-600ma);寒武纪 Cambrian 600-500 Ma;奥陶纪 Ordovician ca. 500 - 425 Ma 笔石 Graptolites， Hemichordata;志留纪 Silurian ca. 425 - 400 Ma Sea scape - corals (green, pink, purple), straight shelled nautiloids, snails, brachiopods (lower right), crinoids (red flowers), solitary corals(with pink and white tentacles) and sea weed (green).;Placoderm - a Devonian (ca. 400-345 Ma) sack fish with jawless mouth and air sack which is the forerunner of the lung;泥盆纪 Devonian (ca. 400-345 Ma). Early amphibians (Stegocephalians) come onto land;二叠纪 Permian (ca. 280-230 Ma) mammal-like reptile and vegetarian of of South Africa.;禽龙 Iguanodon of the Triassic (ca. 230-170 Ma) ，first dinosaur discovered;恐龙化石;早中新世 An Early Miocene (ca. 25 Ma) scene includes the Moropus (3-clawed horse in upper left), and small primitive horses Parahippus (lower right).;Mammouth tusk, teeth and other remains recovered from a midwestern gravel pit where they had been buried ca. 5 Ma;Wooly mammoths, musk oxen, Dall sheep, camels, and horses crossing the Bering land bridge in the Late Pleistocene (ca. 1 Ma).;生命起源;生命起源;早期进化论;Alfred Wallace (1823-1913); 达尔文进化论的要点：;综合进化论（突变、遗传平衡、各种隔离）;分类学和进化的研究手段;19世纪Muller 和Haeckel提出鱼类是爬行类、鸟类、和哺乳类的共同祖先;生化和分子生物学方法;一些生物与人的细胞色素c 氨基酸组成差异数;中性进化学说（生物进化是无规律可循、偶然