第一章经济学原理.pptVIP

8. The standard of living depends on a country’s production. Almost all variations in living standards are explained by differences in countries’ productivities. 第二十九页，共三十六页。 8. The standard of living depends on a country’s production. Productivity is the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker’s time. Higher productivity e Higher standard of living 第三十页，共三十六页。 9. Prices rise when the government prints too much money. Inflation is an increase in the overall level of prices in the economy. One cause of inflation is the growth in the quantity of money. When the government creates large quantities of money, the value of the money falls. 第三十一页，共三十六页。 10. Society faces a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. The Phillips Curve illustrates the tradeoff between inflation and unemployment: òInflation e ?Unemployment It’s a short-run tradeoff! 第三十二页，共三十六页。 Summary When individuals make decisions, they face tradeoffs. Rational people make decisions by comparing marginal costs and marginal benefits. 第三十三页，共三十六页。 Summary People can benefit by trading with each other. Markets are usually a good way of coordinating trades. Government can potentially improve market outcomes. 第三十四页，共三十六页。 Summary A country’s productivity determines its living standards. Society faces a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. 第三十五页，共三十六页。 内容总结 A Lecture Presentation in PowerPoint to Accompany。Principles of Economics。How People Interact。Efficiency v. Equity。òInflation e ?Unemployment。Summary 第三十六页，共三十六页。 7 7 7 9 10 10 11 12 10 15 16 16 16 17 17 18 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. A Lecture Presentation in PowerPoint to Accompany Principles of Economics Second Edition by N. Gregory Mankiw Prepared by Mark P. Karscig, Department of Economics Finance, Centr