教育部化学生物与资讯人才培育衔接计画.pptVIP

教育部化學生物與資訊人才培育銜接計畫蛋白質結構與功能之化學基礎Part I錢嘉琳5/14/2008第一页，共五十页。 Amino Acids, Peptides, and ProteinsAmino AcidsPeptides and ProteinsProtein StructureProtein Sequences第二页，共五十页。 General structure of amino acid?-carbona-carboxyl groupa-amino groupSide chain第三页，共五十页。 *For all the standard amino acids except  glycine,the a-carbon is covalently bonded to four different groups (-COO-, -NH3+, -H and -R).The a-carbon is a chiral center.*All molecules with a chiral center are also optically active.第四页，共五十页。 第五页，共五十页。 第六页，共五十页。 The two stereoisomers of alinine, L- and D-alanine, are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other (enantiomers).第七页，共五十页。 Steric relationship of the stereoisomers of alanine to the absolute configuration of L- and D-glyceraldehyde. The amino acid residues in proteins are L stereoisomers第八页，共五十页。 Amino acids can be classified by R group第九页，共五十页。 第十页，共五十页。 Tryptophan and tyrosine absorb ultraviolet light. The absorbance maxima for both occurs near a wavelength of 280 nm. Phenylalanine generally contributes little to the absorbance properties of proteins,第十一页，共五十页。 第十二页，共五十页。 Reversible formation of a disulfide bond by the oxidation of two molecules of cysteine. Disulfide bonds between Cys residues stabilize the structures of many proteins第十三页，共五十页。 第十四页，共五十页。 The additional carbons in an R group are commonly designated ?, ?, ?, ?, and so forth, proceeding out from the ? carbon, 第十五页，共五十页。 第十六页，共五十页。 第十七页，共五十页。 Peptides and ProteinsThe polymers of amino acids that are linked by peptide bonds. The protein is a polypeptide.Formation of a peptide bond by condensation第十八页，共五十页。 The pentapeptide Ser-Gly-Tyr-Ala-Leu第十九页，共五十页。 Biologically active peptides and polypeptides occur in a vast range of sizesOxytocin: nine amino acid residues, secreted by the posterior pituitary and stimulates uterine contractions.Glucagon: 29 residues, a pancreatic hormone, opposing the action of insulin.第二十页，共五十页。 Lengths of proteins vary considerably第二十一页，共五十页。 Different