英语教学法教程TeachingListening.pptxVIP

会计学1 9.1 Why does listening seem so difficult?Importance of listeningOf the total time an individual is engaged in communication, approximately 9% is devoted to writing, 16% to reading, 30% to speaking, and 45% to listening (Rivers Temperley, 1978)==Listening should be given more attention in language teaching.第1页/共22页 9.1.1 Problems in listeningGoh (2000) listed some problems reported by learners when listening to an English text.Quickly forget what is heard.Do not recognize words they know.Understand the words but not the intended message.Neglect the next part when thinking about meaning.Unable to form a mental representation from words heard.Do not understand subsequent parts of input because of earlier problems.第2页/共22页 9.1.2 Reasons for difficulty in listeningListening is often neglected in language teaching due to lack of teaching materials, lack of equipment in some schools, and lack of real-life situations where learners need to understand spoken English.Even if listening were not neglected,Different speakers produce the same sounds in different ways (dialects, accents, stresses, rhythms, intonations…);The listener has little or no control over the speed of the input of spoken material;Speech is likely to be distorted with background noise;… (pp. 136-137)第3页/共22页 9.2 What do we listen to in everyday life? (Ur, 1996)Loudspeaker announcementsRadio newsLesson, lectureConversation, gossipInstructionsWatching televisionWatching moviesTelephone conversationsInterviewShoppingStory-tellingMeetingsNegotiationsTheater show…第4页/共22页 9.3 Characteristics of the listening process (Ur, 1996)SpontaneityMost of the time we listen to people speaking spontaneously and informally without rehearsing.ContextIs usu known to both L and S, which helps predict what we are going to hear.Visual cluesThe visual clues such as facial expressions, gestures and other body language as well as the surrounding environment help us understand and predict what we hear.Listener’s responseMost of