心理学图片-课件.pptVIP

Chapter 6 MEMORY《普通心理学》专业课1 永远的战士49岁的健康、英俊的中年人谈吐用现在时而非过去时认为自己19岁，处于1945年顺向性遗忘症（anterograde amnesia）对大脑受损之后的事件失去记忆倒退性遗忘症（retrograde amnesia）2 Memory记忆是人脑对过去经验的保持和提取3 OutlinesMemory and its Biological BasisMemory and Information ProcessingMemory as a Constructive and Reconstructive ProcessRetrieval and ForgettingHow to Improving Memory?Challenges to the Information-Processing Model4 1 The Nature of Memory5 1.1 Biological Basis定位说非定位说(脑均势说）突触生长说记忆分子说（DNA/RNA）记忆的电生理基础（反响回路）脑内代谢物与记忆6 1.2 Memory and Information Processing Sensory registers不到1秒Short-term memory(STM)/Working memory20－30秒Long-term memory(LTM)可毕生不忘7 记忆的信息加工模型感觉登记STMLTM刺激注意精细复述提取遗忘?维持复述遗忘遗忘行为反应8 Working MemorySTM,is also called working memory, it functions like a mental sketch pad on which people make mental notes, solve problems, and hold relevant information in consciousness for a brief period.Working memory can also exist in LTM.9 1.3 Three changes of memory modelsModules, a set of memory systems.Remembering without involving retrieval into consciousness.Not all information follows the path of the model, further, the model is not unidirectional.10 2 Sensory Registration11 2.1 The EvidenceGeorge Sperlling(1960)Tachistoscope: flashing for 15-500ms.Whole report/Partial reportLess than 4 of the 12 letters(33%)==roughly 3 out of the 4 items(75%)Partial report design: focusing attention on one part of the image while it was still in iconic storage .12 Partial Report视觉呈现音调指示反应M Q T Z高音R F G A中音N S L C低音N, S, L, C13 2.2 RepresentationMental representation 心理表征a mental model of a stimulus or category of stimuli.Sensory RepresentationVerbal Representations14 表象15 Sensory RepresentationIconic storageFor a brief period after an image disappears from vision, people retain a mental image of what they have seen (Foley Mulhern,1991; Neisser, 1967, 1976)The duration of icons varies from approximately half a second to two seconds, depending on the individual, the content of the image, and the circumstances.Presenting anot