遗传学概念及理论英文版.pptVIP

Genetics NotesWho is Gregor Mendel? Principle of Independent Assortment – Inheritance of one trait has no effect on the inheritance of another trait“Father of Genetics”遗传学概念及理论英文版 TraitsGenetics – study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring遗传学概念及理论英文版 Traits are determined by the genes on the chromosomes. A gene is a segment of DNA that determines a trait.遗传学概念及理论英文版 Chromosomes come in homologous pairs, thus genes come in pairs. Homologous pairs – matching genes – one from female parent and one from male parentExample: Humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs. One set from dad – 23 in sperm One set from mom – 23 in egg遗传学概念及理论英文版 Gene for eye color (blue eyes)Gene for eye color (brown eyes)Homologous pair of chromosomes One pair of Homologous Chromosomes:  Alleles – different genes (possibilities) for the same trait – ex: blue eyes or brown eyes遗传学概念及理论英文版 Dominant and Recessive GenesGene that prevents the other gene from “showing” – dominantGene that does NOT “show” even though it is present – recessiveSymbol – Dominant gene – upper case letter – T Recessive gene – lower case letter – tDominant colorRecessive color遗传学概念及理论英文版 Example: Straight thumb is dominant to hitchhiker thumb T = straight thumb t = hitchhikers thumb(Always use the same letter for the same alleles—No S = straight, h = hitchhiker’s)Straight thumb = TTStraight thumb = TtHitchhikers thumb = tt* Must have 2 recessive alleles for a recessive trait to “show”遗传学概念及理论英文版 Both genes of a pair are the same – homozygous or purebred TT – homozygous dominant tt – homozygous recessiveOne dominant and one recessive gene – heterozygous or hybrid Tt – heterozygousBB – BlackBb – Black w/ white genebb – White遗传学概念及理论英文版 Genotype and PhenotypeCombination of genes an organism has (actual gene makeup) – genotype Ex: TT, Tt, ttPhysical appearance resulting from gene make-up – phenotype Ex: hitchhiker’s thumb or str