Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle Learning About Language 语法讲解讲义-高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册.docxVIP

不定式（to do）做主语的用法 形式 to do 将来时主动式 to be done 将来时被动式 to be doing 进行时主动式 to be being done 进行时被动式 to have done 完成时主动式 to have been done 完成时被动式 二、不定式做主语 1.位置 1.1．不定式做主语位于句首； Eg：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 To get up early is necessary. 早起是有必要的。 To have made the same mistake twice was unforgivable. 犯两次同样的错误是不可原谅的。 1.2．It作形式主语，动词不定式为真正主语，放在句末，为了保持句子的平衡。 形式一：It +be+adj.+for sb.+to do sth 在此句式中，做表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质或者特点。 Adj: easy, important, difficult, necessary, hard, possible, impossible, comfortable, better等。 Eg:It’s important for us to keep the water clean. It’s so nice to hear your voice. It +be+adj+of sb.+to do sth 在此句型中，做表语的形容词用于说明不定式逻辑主语的品性、性格、性质等。 Adj: kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, brave, considerate, selfish(自私的), silly(愚蠢的)等。 Eg:It is very kind of you to help us. It was silly of us to believe him. 形式二：It+be+名词+to do sth 名词：an honour/(a) pleasure/pity/duty(责任)/fun/task/job...... Eg: It is our duty to take good care of the old. It is an honour for me to stand here and give my speech. 形式三：It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth 花费某人...时间/金钱做某事 Eg: It will take us a long time to walk there. It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening. 1.3 动词不定式与疑问词how, what, when, where, which 等连用构成不定式短语，位于句首，也可以做主语。 Eg: What to do next is not decided yet. How to use the computer is the question. 2. 语态 不定式与逻辑主语之间是主动关系用to do; 不定式与逻辑主语之间是被动关系用to be done. Eg: It was an honour for him to be chosen as head of the medical team. 3. to do做主语与动名词做主语的区别 3.1 动词不定式做主语通常表示具体的一次性行为或将来的动作，强调动作本身，谓语动词用单数形式； 动名词做主语通常表示一般的抽象的泛指概念，强调事件本身，谓语动词用单数形式。 Eg: To lie to the teacher is wrong. Eating is an important thing. 3.2 动词不定式做主语时，可以表示一件带有目的性的未完成事件； 动名词做主语时，可以表示一件已知的经验或事情，表示人的习惯、爱好、职业、经验等。 Eg:I like swimmimg, but I don’t like to swim on such a cold day.（前者指习惯爱好，后者指一次性行为） To visit Australia is my next goa