第八章连词（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼） 初中英语中考语法归纳拓展.docxVIP

第八章 连词 思维导图 知识梳理 一、连词的定义 连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分,也不能重读,在句子中只起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子以及引导从句的作用. 二、连词的分类 (一)根据连词本身的形式分类 根据其构成的形式,连词可以分为4类. 1.简单连词 and(和) but(但是) or(或者) if(如果) before(在······以前) since(自从,既然) 2.关联连词 both...and...(既······又······) either...or...(或者······或者······) neither...nor...(既不······又不······) as...as...(和·····样······) not only...but also...(不但······而且······) 3.短语连词 as if/as though(仿佛) as soon as(······就······) as well as(也,又) so that(以便;结果) in case(假使;以免) in order that(为了······) 4.分词连词(它们由动词的分词转变而来) 如:supposing (假如), considering(考虑到), provided(只要)等. (二)根据连词的句法功能分类 根据连词的句法功能,连词可分为并列连词和从属连词两类. 1.并列连词 并列连词用来连接,按其作用可分为并列、转折、选择和因果等四大类. (1)并列关系. 用来连接两个概念,常见的连词有:and······和······,·····以及······,both...and...既······又······,not only...but also...不但······而且······,neither...nor...既不······又不······,as well as 也,又. ①and可用来连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子,表示一种对等或顺承关系. My tall friend is handsome, intelligent and strong.我那高个子朋友英俊、聪明、身体又强壮. She sings and dances very well.她唱歌跳舞都很好. You, he and I are good friends.你、我、他都是好朋友. Jim and Li Lei are in the same class.吉姆和李磊在同一个班级. She is beautiful and helpful.她美丽又乐于助人. 点拨 “祈使句＋and+陈述句”用于代替条件从句. Go ahead and you will see the hospital. = if you go ahead, you will see the hospital.向前走你就会看见医院. ②both...and... Both Tom and John came to see me.汤姆和约翰两个都来看我. Mary can both sing and dance.玛丽既会唱歌,又会跳舞. Both teachers and students will go to visit the farm tomorrow.老师和学生明天都去农场参观. 点拨 连接两个主语,谓语动词要用复数. Both you and I enjoy music.你和我都喜欢音乐. ③ not only...but also... Beijing has not only a lot of old houses but also many new buildings. 北京不仅有许许多多古建筑,而且还有很多很多的新楼房. This girl is not only pretty but also clever.这女孩不仅漂亮而且聪明. 点拨 (1)当连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与最近的主语在数上保持一致. Not only he but also I am a teacher.不仅他,我也是个老师. (2)由not only...but also...引导的句子可转换成as well as. She is not only kind but also beautiful. She is kind as well as beautiful.她不但漂亮,而且为人很好. ④ neither...nor... Neither animals nor plants can live without air or water.没有空气和水,动植物都不能活. He neither wrote nor telephoned.他既没写信,也没有打电话. 点