呕血与便血中英文.pptxVIP

第1页/共22页呕血与便血中英文第2页/共22页Hematemesis呕血第3页/共22页 Definition定义※ Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood. 血液从口腔呕出。 第4页/共22页 Pathogeny病因※1.Esophageal diseases食管疾病Esophagitis食管炎 、Esophageal cancer食管癌、Esophageal varices食管静脉曲张破裂。2.Gastric and duodenal diseases胃与十二指肠疾病Peptic消化性溃疡、Gastric mucosal lesions胃黏膜病变、Chronic gastritis慢性胃炎、Gastric cancer胃癌等。第5页/共22页3、Hepatobiliary diseases肝胆疾病Liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension肝硬化门脉高压 、Liver cancer肝癌、Liver abscess肝脓肿、Gallbladder and bile duct stones胆囊与胆管结石 等。4、Pancreatic diseases胰腺疾病Pancreatic cancer胰腺癌、Acute pancreatitiscomplicated with abscess 急性胰腺炎合并脓肿等。5、Acute infectious disease急性传染病Severe hepatitis重症肝炎等。第6页/共22页6、Blood disease血液病白血病Leukemia 、血小板减少性紫癜、过敏性紫癜、血友病等7、Others：Uremia尿毒症 、Pulmonary heart disease肺源性心脏病第7页/共22页 Clinical manifestation临床表现1、Hematemesis and melena呕血与黑便 2、Hemorrhagic shock失血性休克※第8页/共22页3、Fever发热4、Hematological changes血液学改变5、Azotemia氮质血症第9页/共22页Accompanying symptoms伴随症状1、with abdominalpain呕血伴上腹痛Peptic ulcer消化性溃疡；Gastric cancer胃癌。2、 with hepatosplenomegaly呕血伴肝脾肿大Liver cancer肝癌；食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血。※第10页/共22页3、with mucocutaneous bleeding呕血伴皮肤黏膜出血血液病、败血症、Severe hepatitis重症肝炎等。4、with jaundice 呕血伴黄疸5、with enlargement of left praclavicular lymph nodes 呕血伴左锁骨上淋巴结肿大Gastric cancer胃癌、胰腺癌等第11页/共22页Interrogation points问诊要点1、Eliminate the oral cavity , nasopharyngeal bleeding and hemoptysis.2、The relationship between the cause of hematemesis and diet . Drinking, poison, special drug intake history?3、The amount and color of hematemesis.4、The general condition of the patient.※第12页/共22页Hematochezia便血第13页/共22页 Definition※hematochezia is gastrointestinal (Gl) bleeding excreted from the body via anus.消化道出血经肛门排出体外。第14页/共22页Pathogeny※1.Rectum and Anal canal diseases直肠与肛管疾病 Rectal cancer直肠癌、Rectal polyps 直肠息肉、hemorrhoids痔疮、Anal fissure肛裂等。2.Colonic diseases结肠疾病 Colon cancer结肠癌、Colonic polyps结肠息肉。3.Small intestinal diseases小肠疾病 Intestinal tuberculosis肠结核 、Tumor肿瘤。第15页/共22页※Clinical manifestationThe bleeding site出血部位;The amount of b