DSP原理及应用 课件文献等等.docxVIP

Chapter 1 digital signal processor A?digital signal processor?(DSP) is a specialized microprocessor?with an architecture optimized for the operational needs of?digital signal processing. Digital signal processing?algorithms typically require a large number of mathematical operations to be performed quickly and repeatedly on a series of data samples. Signals (perhaps from audio or video sensors) are constantly converted from analog to digital, manipulated digitally, and then converted back to analog form. Many DSP applications have constraints on?latency; that is, for the system to work, the DSP operation must be completed within some fixed time, and deferred (or batch) processing is not viable. DSP always has specialized multiply accumulate device, and specialized set of instructions. For example, TI (Texas Instruments) TMS320 series. Characteristics of DSP Using Harvard structure The?Harvard architecture?is a?computer architecture with physically separate?storage?and signal pathways for instructions and data. The DSP can both read an instruction and perform a data memory access at the same time, even without a cache Modified Harvard architecture A?modified Harvard architecture?machine is very much like a Harvard architecture machine, but it relaxes the strict separation between instruction and data while still letting the CPU concurrently access two (or more) memory buses. The most common modification includes separate instruction and data caches?backed by a common address space. While the CPU executes from cache, it acts as a pure Harvard machine. When accessing backing memory, it acts like a von Neumann machine (where code can be moved around like data, which is a powerful technique). This modification is widespread in modern processors such as the?ARM architecture?and?x86?processors Another modification provides a pathway between the instruction memory (such as ROM or flash) and the CPU to allow words from the instruction memory to be treated as read-only data.